Social engagement, self-efficacy, and posttraumatic stress symptoms across 6 months of psychotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: The current study was conducted in a naturalistic treatment setting to examine whether and how perceptions about social engagement, trauma coping self-efficacy, and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTS) influence one another across 6 months of psychotherapy for trauma survivors. METHOD: The sample included 183 clients who reported exposure to traumatic events and significant PTS (PCL-5 ≥ 33). Participants (Mage = 37.8, 53.6% female) completed surveys at intake, 3 months, and 6 months into treatment. A cross-lagged panel analysis was used to test the relationships among perceived social engagement, coping self-efficacy, and PTS across three assessment points. RESULTS: PTS at 3-months was a mediator in the relationship between intake perceived social engagement and 6-month coping self-efficacy and between intake perceived social engagement and 6-month perceived social engagement. CONCLUSIONS: PTS several months into treatment may serve as a mechanism between intake perceived social engagement and functional outcomes such as coping self-efficacy.

Negative Consequences of Providing Nursing Care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

BACKGROUND: Compassion fatigue, secondary traumatic stress, and burnout are negative consequences of providing nursing care among nurses. PURPOSE: This cross-sectional study examined a model of negative consequences of providing nursing care (i.e., compassion fatigue, secondary traumatic stress, and burnout) in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. METHODS: Data were collected from 174 registered nurses in the level III and IV NICUs in a Midwestern state. Moderated mediation analysis was conducted. FINDINGS: Self-compassion mediated the relationship between strength of the nurse-infant/family relationship and the negative consequences only when the nurse-physician-collegiality was high. There was no such relationship when the level was low. DISCUSSION: The study findings support the model of a mechanism for the development of negative consequences, involving self-compassion and nurse-physician collegiality. CONCLUSIONS: The findings may be applied to development of interventions to address negative consequences in nurses and help nursing administrators reduce staff nurses' negative consequences.